This episode of the Pipeliners Podcast features a conversation with Osten Olorunsola of Aradel Holdings about the opportunities and challenges of building measurement capability at the national level in Nigeria. The discussion explores the critical role of measurement in oil and gas operations, the regulatory landscape, and the impact of shifting from multinational operators to indigenous companies. Listeners gain insight into how Nigeria is working to standardize practices, close capability gaps, and strengthen its long-term energy infrastructure.

Building Measurement Capability at the Nation State Level Show Notes, Links, and Insider Terms

• Osten Olorunsola is an Energy and Climate advisor and is Chairman of the Board at Aradel Holdings.
• ASGMT (American School of Gas Measurement Technology) is the largest gas measurement school in the United States that is devoted to natural gas measurement, pressure regulation, flow control, and other measurement related arenas. It is divided into seven main subject groups: Fundamental Measurement, Gas Quality, Distribution, General and Advanced Measurement, Transmission, Office Procedures and Accounting, and Hands-On training.
• Measurement – The practice of quantifying oil and gas production volumes to determine revenues, taxation, and operational efficiency.
• Metering – The use of equipment (meters, transmitters, electronics) to measure oil or gas flow accurately.
• API (American Petroleum Institute) represents all segments of America’s natural gas and oil industry. API has developed more than 800 standards to enhance operational and environmental safety, efficiency, and sustainability. 
• AGA (American Gas Association) represents companies delivering natural gas safely, reliably, and in an environmentally responsible way to help improve the quality of life for their customers every day. AGA’s mission is to provide clear value to its membership and serve as the indispensable, leading voice and facilitator on its behalf in promoting the safe, reliable, and efficient delivery of natural gas to homes and businesses across the nation.
• Equation of State – A mathematical formula used to model gas properties and calculate flow rates, with variations between API, ISO, and AGA approaches.
• Back Office Capability – The specialized technical and analytical support functions (often at headquarters) that assist field measurement and operations.
• Implementation Phase – The early stage of applying new laws or regulations, often involving uncertainty and adjustment.
• Spot Checks – Regulatory inspections of measurement systems and practices to verify compliance.
• Witnessing – In U.S. context, the process where regulators observe measurement or testing to ensure accuracy and compliance.
• Teething Problems – Early challenges or obstacles encountered during the rollout of new regulations or frameworks.
• Production Sharing – The division of oil and gas output between government, operators, and other stakeholders, often based on measurement results.
• BLM (Bureau of Land Management) – A U.S. regulatory body overseeing oil and gas on federally managed lands, with detailed rules for measurement and reporting.
• Nation-State Capability – The ability of a country to independently regulate, manage, and sustain technical practices like measurement in oil and gas.
• Capacity Development – Building local skills, training, and expertise to support sustainable oil and gas operations.

Building Measurement Capability at the Nation State Level Full Episode Transcript

Russel Treat:

Welcome to the “Pipeliners Podcast, Episode 408,” sponsored by EnerSys Corporation, providers of POEMS, the Pipeline Operations Excellence Management System, operations and compliance software for the pipeline operator to address safety program management, control room management, and field operations. Find out more about POEMS at enersyscorp.com.

[background music]

Announcer: The Pipeliners Podcast, where professionals, bubba geeks, and industry insiders share their knowledge and experience about technology, projects, and pipeline operations. And now your host, Russel Treat.

Russel:

Thanks for listening to this podcast. I appreciate you taking the time. To show the appreciation, we give away a customized YETI tumbler to one listener every episode.

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This week, we speak with Osten Olorunsola with Aradel Holdings about building measurement capability at the nation-state level. This is an interesting conversation with somebody who’s got a vision for the future of measurement in the country of Nigeria. Osten, welcome to the Pipeliners Podcast.

Osten Olorunsola: Thank you so much, Russel. Nice meeting you, too, finally. [laughs]

Russel: Well, you’ve made a long journey to get involved with this conversation.

Osten: Oh, yeah. Thanks.

Russel: If you would, tell me a little bit about your background, what you do, and how you ended up here at the American School of Gas Measurement Technology, looking at what this school does and such.

Osten:

Thanks so much for having me. It’s a long background in oil and gas, I must say, roughly four and a half decades now. I’ve done various works for international oil companies, like Shell. I was at Shell for a very long time. I left Shell as vice president for gas and power.

I did some work earlier than that with AGIP, Eni, in Milan. I’ve worked in quite a couple of places in Russia, in Woodcreek, in Houston also, with Shell Deepwater Services. One of the most exciting exposures I had was I did some sabbaticals for government of Nigeria, where I served as advisors to ministers of energy for roughly two, three years.

On top of that, I then became the chief regulator for oil and gas for the country. I’ve done quite a lot of commercial work. I’ve done quite a lot of policy work. I’ve also done a lot of regulatory, being the chief regulator.

Russel: You understand that system holistically. You’ve seen it from different perspectives.

Osten:

Somehow, I was just lucky to have pitched in each of the key areas of policy, commercial operations, as well as regulations.

[crosstalk]

Russel: For the listeners, can you tell us a little bit about Nigeria and how its government is actually put together? I could do a quick Political Science 101 for the American government. How would you do that for Nigeria?

Osten: Interestingly, it’s almost fashioned along the US political structure. Basically, we just go through cycles of four-year elections. We have states, just as you have states here in the US. Ours is 36. We do also have a president, who also…

Russel: You have an elected President.

Osten: We have an elected President.

Russel: You have a House of Representatives, in effect.

Osten: We have a House of Rep, We have a Senate.

Russel: You have a Senate. You have a judiciary branch.

Osten: Correct.

Russel: Modeled very much after the US structure.

Osten: It’s very, very similar to the US.

Russel: That’s interesting. That makes it easier for me to conceptualize.

Osten: [laughs]

Osten: What brings you to the American School? Why are you here?

Osten: First and foremost, I do have family here. Let me start from home.

Russel: That does tend to drive a lot of travel.

Osten:

Each time I do have opportunities like this, I like to put a lot of things in the basket, so a little bit for family and then a little bit of technical work like this. I met [indecipherable] fairly some time ago.

He then realized also that we’re really doing some measurement type of conferences in Nigeria. Actually, we’re going to have the fifth one next month, on the 7th of October in Nigeria.

We certainly also found that it’s a niche area of the business, whether you’re measuring gas or whether you’re measuring oil, but it’s so important. At the end of the day, that really translates to revenues, really. If you’re not measuring, then sorry.

We found out that measurement or metering, they don’t seem to get the airtime at big conferences. It’s all talking about geopolitics. It’s all talking about…

Russel: We’re talking about big metal and drilling holes in the ground. We’re talking about pipeline integrity.

Osten:

Meanwhile, the underground, the underneath of it, the underbelly of it, a lot of it, are technical stuff, like really not getting the right equipment for measurement or not even using the right meters for it or even using multiplicity of approaches. We really don’t actually have a standard.

When I heard about this, I said, “This is great. This is a very good opportunity. Let me see what’s happening here.” The good thing about our industry is continuous learning, frankly speaking. I just like to see what’s happening here, what I can bring back home, and what kind of networking and opportunities we can work together in the future. That’s just it, really.

Russel:

I started out in the military and then moved out of the military into cryogenics as an applications engineer, and then got into software, and very quickly found myself in software around measurement. When I found myself in the measurement business, I found a home. I was like, “I’m retiring in this business.” I’m there. I could do that now if I wanted to, but I’m not ready.

One of the things that’s really unique about measurement, it’s a unique combination. It’s where technology and commercial meet. Usually, when we think about technology, it’s about improving production, improving throughput, improving safety.

Osten: Innovation.

Russel:

But that’s not really the issue in measurement. The issue in measurement is getting a number that tells us how we’re operating.

I’ve done some work in Africa, in Côte d’Ivoire specifically. One of the things I found was…The particular system there had some offshore platforms. They had a particular operator that was running those. They had a different operator that was running a gas plant and a different operator running the power plant.

All of the measurement at all those places was a little different. A little different equipment, a little different transmitters, a little different.

Osten: You can’t integrate anything. [laughs]

Russel: What we were doing is we were standardizing all their measurement electronics and such. One of the things that was really compelling about that to me was you can get a number, but you can’t necessarily get the number.

Osten: The number.

Russel: People that don’t know measurement don’t really understand the importance of that distinction. Pretty easy to get to five percent uncertainty if you don’t have everything dialed in. Five percent’s a big number. It’s a really big number.

Osten: If it is repeated, for that matter, that’s a big, big number. It depends on, five percent of what? [laughs]

Russel:

I did work once as an expert witness. A long story, but it applies to this conversation. There was an expert who was a chemical engineer. He had a set of math that he used and said, “This is a more accurate number.”

My argument was, “I don’t disagree that it’s a more accurate number, but the reason we have standards is so we both get the same number.” That’s a different thing. Precision versus accuracy versus…We really care about precision more than accuracy.

Osten: Accuracy.

Russel:

We care about accuracy, too. I don’t want to…

[crosstalk]

Osten: Fair enough.

Russel: precision is the bigger issue. Having everybody get to the same number.

Osten: That is repeatable.

Russel: What’s going on in Nigerian oil and gas around this? We talked a little bit about the differing equipment and stuff, but from a policy and regulatory standpoint around oil and gas, what’s going on there?

Osten:

I think Nigeria is in a good place at this point in time. For 10, 15 years, there was a very uncertain climate within the regulatory structure in the country, all because the government was trying to work on the regulations, but it took such a very, very long time. That then opened up the space for uncertainty.

The next thing that then happened, of course, was investments were basically going down because investors have to be sure of where and how to invest their money. What that then caused was a lot of drop in oil production. We came down from almost 2.5 million barrels per day, daily production, to 1 million barrels per day.

Russel: Wow.

Osten: Yeah, that was huge.

Russel: That’s a big deal for a company like Nigeria.

Osten: If you know Nigeria very well, oil and gas is really the bottom line as far as government revenues and spending is concerned.

Russel: It drives the economy.

Osten:

It drives everything. Like I said, we’re in a better place now because two years ago, three years ago, the law was finally concluded and passed and assented to by the president. It’s going through what I call initial implementation phases at this point in time.

Just like any new things, there will be some little bit of teething problems. We’re seeing that little by little, but at least there’s some bit of certainty. Investors are now sure of what is bankable and what is not bankable. It is a lot better now.

Unfortunately, it’s also about time that quite a lot of international oil companies are preferring to move to the deep offshore and actually relinquishing quite a lot of plays and operations in the onshore area, mainly because of all sorts of community issues.

Russel:

That’s not unlike what happens in the US. You have a new discovery, and there’s a lot of money that goes into the new discovery. Then that new discovery begins to mature, and we move from whatever the initial lifting methodology was to something new.

Then somebody is going to have to reinvest, and the original investor doesn’t want to reinvest. They want to close that investment out. The nature of operating onshore tends to become more you need to do it in alignment with local people.

Osten: Absolutely. Absolutely. That’s exactly what just happened. [laughs]

Russel: That’s what I was hearing you say. It’s interesting. Our business, even though it operates in a lot of different geopolitical contexts, the business is still fundamentally the same.

Osten:

Let me then tell you where the problem is slightly different from here. Indeed, a lot of that has now been handed over to indigenous operators. Pretty good. Very, very nice guys and all that. But therein then lies the gaps we’re already beginning to see in capabilities.

Unlike in the days when you had an ExxonMobil, you had a Shell, you had Chevron, you have the Totals of all with back office capability support at international levels…

Russel: And some guy who’s an expert in measurement worldwide.

Osten:

Exactly. Now that is a missing layer. That is going to be a missing layer in Nigeria because these are all just indigenous players. There are no home office or anybody to refer anything to, experts and all that. It’s not just in terms of doing, but even more in sustaining it. In sustainability going forward.

Training, for example, capacity development, for example, sharing best practices around the whole world. All that will be off the table. We’re already seeing a huge capability gap. The thinking around it is, this missing layer, how do we govern that gap and make sure that at least we are able to find a way to…?

Russel: To operate effectively and not delaying.

Osten: keep the industry alive for a very long time?

Russel:

That raises an interesting question. I’m thinking about what that looks like. I get it because I’ve done some international work. The smaller the country…

The other thing I think that happens, too, in many countries is you have these state-owned oil and gas operations. Because they’re state-owned, certain things become less important.

In the US, measurement can become very important because we have contracts and agreements, and if we don’t agree it’s being done correctly, we mitigate that. Other countries handle it a different way.

Osten: So private companies.

Russel: Right. Where, in a large, nation state where all of the oil and gas is owned by the government, it’s just going from one government organization to another…

Osten: And there’s a national oil company.

Russel:

As long as they have a number, they’re like, “Well, we don’t need to spend a whole bunch of money on this other stuff.” But when you start getting to, “No, we’re going to let smaller companies operate these local fields so that the local community is engaged and involved.” Now, all of a sudden, “Now, I need capability so these people can work effectively together.”

How do you do that? How do you build that capability as a nation that doesn’t have it? It’s not like you don’t have it. It’s just that maybe it’s not as mature as you need it to be.

Osten:

I think it’s coming in almost as a shock because the divestments are happening almost all at the same point in time, so the industry is a little bit in a shock.

At the same point in time, this is the same time that the government now wants to move production from current levels of 1.5, 1.6 to 3 million barrels per day.

On one hand, you want to move the production as high as you can, or because you also need a lot of money for climate actions and all that stuff to begin to decarbonize at some point in time, but at the same point in time, you’re also losing capabilities in the industry.

There’s a huge imbalance in there. What we’re doing right now is, “Let’s even analyze the gap. Let’s even fully, fully understand what the gaps are.” Then we’ll begin to work our ways around, “How then do we cover this gap not just for today but actually on a sustainable basis?”

Russel: I would think that the gaps around exploration and production are easier to close than the gaps around measurement and back office. Is that true, or is it the same level of…?

Osten: Not quite. Maybe theoretically, yes, but practically, no, in the sense that a lot of the indigenous or relatively younger companies, they don’t want to go into exploration at all. All they want is produce, produce, produce because of the risks in exploration.

Russel: Again, you see the same thing in the US, because when these big properties get sold and the smaller investors buy them, there’s a lot of oil and gas production areas where it’s driven by small family business…

Osten: Families, yes.

Russel: or tribal businesses with the Native Americans and so forth. They don’t want risk. They just want to print the money.

Osten: Absolutely. [laughs]

Russel: Again, that makes sense to me. The production is really not the issue. It’s more the exploration. I mean to frame this as a question, but I would think that getting the money raised for the exploration is probably easier. Getting the money raised for the back office and the other capabilities you need is tougher.

Osten:

True. I agree. Again, coming back to having a proper analysis and understanding of the gaps, that’s exactly…What gaps do we have in exploration? What gaps do we have in development? What gaps do we have in production, and then even sustaining it over time? That’s really what we’re looking at.

Trying to put what I call a framework to govern this on a sustainable basis, on a sustainable performance basis. That’s what we’re looking at right now, of which, of course, measurement is key at the end of the day. Not just even for the big producers, even more so for the small producers. [laughs]

Russel:

I would agree.

[crosstalk]

Osten: Especially because we have a lot of pipeline issues in Nigeria. There’s still a lot of theft. It’s come down. It’s come really down. Three, four years ago, you could lose 50 percent of your production, easily.

Russel: Just by moving it in the pipe?

Osten: Yeah, just by moving it in the pipe. It’s come down to as low as two, three percent right now.

Russel: That’s going in the right way. Zero is better.

Osten: Zero is better. [laughs] Absolutely.

Russel: Just for the listeners, what Osten is referring to as theft, that’s a big issue in a lot of these kind of countries.

Osten: It is.

Russel: When you were putting together the regulatory framework, did you make a decision about what standards you’re going to follow for measurement? Are you following ISO? Are you following API? What level of guidance did you provide there?

Osten:

When you’re doing legislation, you have to be very careful not to go too deep. All we did was stay at a very top level. “This is what the country should be doing. This is the direction,” and all that. Let technology then drive every other thing through regulations.

The reason is that there are some legislations in Nigeria that is about 20 years, 30 years old. If you craft anything into legislation and it becomes law, it becomes so difficult to change overnight, especially when new technologies are coming to the surface.

What we do is to then, in the legislation, we just say, “OK, fine. These are the things we’d like, driven by policies. We’d like to maximize production. We’ll make sure that everything gets to the terminal, to the point of sale,” and all that but then leave…

Russel: The execution to others.

Osten: Yeah.

Russel: The way that works in the United States is the Congress passes a law. Then they delegate authority to the administrative agencies to create…

Osten: Regulations.

Russel: regulations.

Osten: It’s the same thing. That’s what we do.

Russel: The regulations around this, are they to the point of, “We’re going to follow API in this area,” and that sort of thing?

Osten: That is the idea.

Russel: You’re working on that now?

Osten: We’re working on that right now. Even on that, we do need a lot of international support.

Russel: There will be a competition for, are you going to pick API, or are you going to pick ISO, right?

Osten: Fair enough. Yeah.

Russel: Because there are certain manufacturers and certain companies that have invested in ISO, there’s others who have invested in API, and there’s some that are invested in both. The reason I’m bringing this up is I’m thinking about what the challenge is. You have the law.

Osten: Have the law.

Russel: You have that framework. You’re now working out the regulations.

Osten: Regulations. Correct.

Russel: You’re really quite early in the process. A big part of actually getting what you need in place is understanding, “What standards are we going to follow?” You could make a decision that, “We’re going to create a set of Nigerian standards.” That’s a possibility.

Osten: It’s possible.

Russel: Then you’ve got, “How are we going to do that? Where are we going to fund it? Where do we find the expertise?” and so forth. That is so critical to getting measurement where you want it. It’s not just about, “We’re going to use this particular kind of meter.”

Osten: Or the equipments, yeah.

Russel:

You wouldn’t want to write a regulation that required a particular equipment. You do want a regulation that requires a certain uncertainty, probably, but you’ve got to be careful about that because that changes as technology improves.

I’m sitting here, I’m noodling in my mind about how big a challenge this is. For you to get where you want to go in measurement, you’ve got to have the law, the regulations, the training, and the ongoing inspection and auditing.

Are we going to leave that alone to…In the US, that’s all left to how it’s contracted. If it’s not done the way you want it, it’s litigated in the courts. If you go to Canada, they actually specify in their regulations, “This is how you’re going to measure.”

Osten: We do. Actually, we also do spot checks, almost like…

Russel: The regulatory authorities are doing inspections, what we would call witnessing in the US.

Osten: The regulatory authorities have the authority to do that.

Russel: Do they have the capacity or the capability?

Osten: They probably don’t have the capability. They’re even so light on the ground. The operations is just too large for them to actually do that. Rather than doing it every two months, probably they do it once in a year. Then you lose completely again. If you talk about five percent deviation, of course, that’s already gone.

Russel: To me, it’s a really interesting challenge. If I were king of the world, I’d just say, “We’re going to adopt API.”

Osten: Straight.

Russel: Just straight. We’re going to adopt API, and we’re going to establish, at a regulatory level, a measurement standard. That measurement standard, it would specify, “You need to follow API.” I’m an American. I know API.

Osten: Sure. [laughs]

Russel: I don’t know ISO, so I’m biased. I admit that freely. I’d do that. I’d say, “For this kind of measurement, you need to have this kind of accuracy. For this kind of measurement, you need this kind of accuracy,” and just get out of the way.

Osten: Looking at what is on ground, then you need to give almost a couple of years for everybody to come back to that standard.

Russel: At least.

Osten: Everybody’s already using totally different things.

Russel:

I’m pretty familiar with how the pipeline regulations work in the US, mostly because I’ve had many podcasts with people who know it much better than me. What I would say is, when any new rule comes out — there’s a new technology, and they create a new regulatory rule — it’s two or three years.

The inspectors are just, “Do you have your policy written correctly?” Then they come back. They’re starting to look and say, “Your procedures, are they correct? Do they implement the policy? Are you actually following them?”

Osten: They’re aligning.

Russel: Then they start looking at your records. Then they start looking at your effectiveness. That process takes about 8 to 10 years.

Osten: Has to be.

Russel: The regulators, they’re going around. They’re doing their inspections. Every year, they’re changing their focus a little bit. Eventually, you get to the point you’re actually working on performance, but that takes about 10 years.

Osten: It has to be.

Russel: If you don’t have the regulations and if you don’t have the standards, it’s going to take longer.

Osten: We have not even started at all.

Russel: Tell me a little bit about what is currently installed. I’m trying to frame this question correctly because I want to ask it in a general way. What is currently installed for measurement equipment in Nigeria? What standards are typically followed? I would think most of the Exxon stuff is probably API.

Osten: Exactly.

Russel: Most of the Shell stuff is probably ISO.

Osten: The Shell ones are mainly ISO. It’s a mix. To actually even…

Russel: Can’t make it easy.

Osten: [laughs]

Osten: That’d be no fun.

Osten: To really, really standardize may really, really be difficult, to just one…

Russel: You probably can’t because you have such a legacy install. You can’t require everybody or half the people to change out what they have.

Osten: It’s got to maybe at least two sets of standards.

Russel: ISO and API can generally be pretty easily reconciled, but you get into things…Just the difference between how, in natural gas, an AGA calculation works versus the equivalent ISO calculation, they’re not the same.

Osten: They’re not the same.

Russel: They won’t give you the same number. Then you have to say, “We’re going to have to do some analysis to see, are those two numbers close enough?”

Osten: Then you start to do some bit of correlations here and there.

Russel: Any equation of state, you have your boundary conditions. Fundamentally, the ISO and the API equations of state are a little different. They’re based on different research, so they have a little bit different algorithm. They’re going to get you well within one percent, but errors are cumulative.

Osten:

The problem is a lot of the operators have invested heavily in a particular type of standard. It’s really going to take time for them to actually begin to switch. It’s not just investment in the equipment. It’s also even in the training of the people who are actually even operating them and understanding the output data. It’s not going to…

[crosstalk]

Russel: You’re developing a whole new…Measurement in the US, there’s probably…I’ve done this analysis before. It’s been a while, but I would speculate there’s about 10,000 people in the US that do measurement. That’s across the entirety of the folks that are all doing measurement.

Osten: That’s a sub-industry of its own, actually.

Russel: In a US context, that’s tiny.

Osten: [laughs]

Osten: I don’t know, population-wise and scale-of-industry-wise, how Nigeria compares, but out of that 10,000, there’s probably 1,000 that are actually at the level of an engineer. Out of that 1,000, there’s probably 50 that are really good. Out of that 50, there’s probably 15 or 20. There’s probably 50 to 100 people in the US that are at the top of the measurement…

Osten: Experts.

Russel: and know it really, really, really deeply. That expertise tends to exist largely in the multinational companies, and they go everywhere. When somebody like Exxon goes someplace, they have a problem, they call their guy. He goes and works. Those people will typically know API, ISO, and any other standard that might have been implemented the last 30 years. It’s really interesting.

Osten:

For us, it’s still very rudimentary. There’s a new tax law that has just been passed. It’s going to be effective from 1st of January next year. There’s so much focus on measurement in that tax law because the government believes that what they’re getting is a number, not the number.

Because this is the base of Nigeria’s revenues, they really want to focus on it so much, be it gas, be it oil. It’s going to be…

Russel: A one percent shift in the number is a very…

Osten: It’s huge.

Russel: A very small percentage of a very large number is still a very large number.

Osten: It’s huge.

Russel:

There’s an equivalent set of regulations in the US that the BLM, which is our Bureau of Land Management…They manage all the federally owned properties. That includes the Indian nations. That includes national parks, things like that, that have oil and gas production. All that’s managed by BLM.

There’s a rulemaking. I’m not going to be able to cite it off the top of my head — I should be able to, but I can’t — the name of the rule. It’s a set of rules. It’s specifying down to the level of equipment, installation, drawings, standards you’re following, so that they can be assured they’re actually getting paid appropriately for the oil and gas that’s produced.

Look, I find this a fascinating conversation.

Osten: Thank you.

Russel: I really appreciate you taking the time to talk to me.

Osten: Thank you so much, Russel. Thank you.

Russel: Maybe I should check in to you in another year or two and find out how it’s going.

Osten: That would be great. Maybe from our side, too, if we do have any opportunity to collaborate on a few things, I will shout. I’ll let you know, for sure.

Russel: That would be awesome. I’d be willing to help however I could.

Osten: Thank you so very much. I appreciate it.

Russel:

I hope you enjoyed this week’s episode of the Pipeliners Podcast and our conversation with Osten.

Just a reminder, before you go, you should register to win our customized Pipeliners Podcast YETI tumbler. Simply visit pipelinepodcastnetwork.com/win and enter yourself in the drawing.

[background music]

Russel:

If you have ideas, questions, or topics you’d be interested in, please let me know on the Contact Us page at pipelinepodcastnetwork.com or reach out to me on LinkedIn. Thanks for listening. I’ll talk to you next week.

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