In this month’s episode of the Oil & Gas Measurement Podcast, host Weldon Wright is joined by Kris Kimmel of YZ to discuss gas odorization and monitoring.

The conversation covers some of the considerations and challenges associated with odorizing natural gas, as well as the complexities of monitoring natural gas using odorant.

Odorization Show Notes, Links, and Insider Terms:

• Odorization is the process of adding a chemical odorant to natural gas. Since natural gas is colorless and odorless, leaks would go unnoticed.  This makes natural gas odorization a critical public safety issue.
  • The “rotten egg” smell we associate natural gas is a methyl mercaptan, a chemical that has been added under carefully controlled conditions, prior to the gas being distributed throughout our towns and cities. 
  • Pure methyl mercaptan has a extremely intense and unpleasant odor, but olfactory desensitization or fatigue occurs if you are exposed to it in high concentration.   If workers inadvertently get small quantities on their clothing or footwear, they temporarily loose their ability to smell it, yet as the carry the smell with them.
• Odorizer or odorizer system describes the equipment required to safely, reliability, and precisely control the injection of methyl mercaptan into the flowing gas stream.  These systems vary in size and complexity.
• Displacement refers to the amount of liquid a pump transfers with each stroke of the piston or diaphragm.
  • Metering Pumps are a specialty pumps designed to inject precisely controlled amounts of a chemical.  These metering pumps often have adjustable or variable displacement, allowing them to be used over a wide range of injection volumes.
• Wick Odorizer are an old, but reliable technology for odorizing very small volumes of natural gas. These have historically been used for “farm taps” used to provide natural gas to a single residence or small farm, from a long-distance natural gas transmission line, that is moving gas prior to being odorized.
• Bypass Odorizers diverts a portion of the gas stream through a tank that contains liquid odorant. The heavily odorized gas is then blended back into the main gas stream, where it mixes uniformly.  
• Injection Odorizers are typically used in very high volume pipelines and inject precisely metered amounts of liquid directly into the pipeline.

Odorization Full Episode Transcript

Weldon Wright: Hello and welcome to episode 34 of the “Oil and Gas Measurement Podcast,” sponsored by GCI, the Gas Certification Institute. For more than 20 years, GCI has been providing measurement fundamentals training and measurement standard operating procedures to the oil and gas industry.

GCI’s instructor led gas measurement and liquid measurement training classes, coupled with comprehensive measurement standard operating procedures, provide valuable tools for both back office and field personnel.

Announcer: Welcome to the Oil and Gas Measurement Podcast, where measurement professionals, Bubba geeks, and gurus share their knowledge, experience, and likely a tall tale or two on measurement topics for the oil and gas industry. Now your host, Weldon Wright.

Weldon: Hello, and welcome to episode 34 of the Oil & Gas Measurement Podcast. I’m here today with Kris Kimmel. We’re going to talk a little bit about odorization. But first, Kris, tell us a little bit about yourself and what you do over there at YZ.

Kris Kimmel: My name is Kris Kimmel. I’ve been at YZ since 1988. I am currently the general manager. YZ started life in 1949 out in west Texas, and we started getting in the odorization business in 1989. We’ve got 30 some odd years of experience in this application, and learned about the challenges and complexity of it. Happy to have the time to talk to you today.

Weldon: We are glad to have you here. Very honestly, my experience on odorization and odor in general is pretty limited. That would be an overstatement. I think my experience with odorization equipment is probably zero. My experience with odorant is that if you get it on your boots, the fire department will come to the hotel later.

Kris: That is correct. We’ve had that same outcome with our group as well. A lot of people don’t realize, number one, that natural gas is invisible and colorless. You can’t see it, so you’ve got to put something in it so people could smell it if it goes into their house. Then it’s a really, really complex, unique application for your folks out in the field.

Weldon: I think that, over the years, folks in measurement on the upstream side, the midstream side, they are not exposed to odorant at all, or very, very little. Maybe if you’re a transportation pipeline, maybe you have a couple of farm taps somewhere that you put some odor in a bottle with a wick. Of course, that’s dating myself that I even know about that technology. Right? Or is that still in use?

Kris: No, there still is. Farm tap, low flow applications are certainly a real application today. Works really good in low flow, and goes all the way up to downtown Dallas, downtown New York City, super complex, remote communication, all of those things.

Weldon: Really?

Kris: It’s a full spectrum. You can’t put the square peg in the round hole. You got to fit the right solution for the right application. Your guys out in the field probably see the full spectrum of applications.

Weldon: I guess mostly it’s going to take the guys in the LDC world, or maybe in some parts of the country, the pipeline crews maintaining the city gate installations maybe doing some odorization.

Kris: That’s right.

Weldon: Talk us through what that scale looks like from that little bottle in the wick up to the big system. What are the types of systems that are out there, and what are their applications?

Kris: What you’re talking about, wick or bypass odorizer, is 1950 technology. The good thing about odorant and natural gas, they like each other. They’re both hydrocarbons. The wick or the bypass odorizer, what folks do is they just simply divert some of the gas flow over into a tank. It sweeps across the top of the odorant and goes back into the pipeline and takes some odorant with it.

Then as you move through the complexity of being in downtown Dallas or city center, what you typically do is you have a positive injection pump with a meter and a controller.

What the main difference there is, when you’re using an injection type odorizer, the current technology allows you to measure it and inject it at a very high resolution. You can measure temperature compensates. You can measure three decimals to the right.

No matter if it’s a farm tap, some small farmhouse down a dirt road or downtown Dallas, if there’s an issue, a lot of people are going to ask some questions. The more that you can provide documentation and verification, the better off you are.

The analogy a lot of people use is like a black box on the airplane. If there’s an issue with a plane crash or whatever, everybody wants to go get the black box. With current technology, you can do the same thing with your odorizer.

It’s super, super helpful if there’s an issue at the school or somebody’s house, that you can take that data and you can say, “Hey,” if I’m company A, B, or C, “our injection rate’s one pound per million, and I’ve got the data, the electronic confirmation that we, in fact, were injecting a correct amount of odorant.”

Not only that we weren’t in an alarm condition, where everybody goes “OK, that’s great,” but we can confirm that the system was operating correctly.

As you go through these questions and figure out your application, the closer you can go to that point where you can answer those tough questions if something arises, the better off you are as a company.

Weldon: I see that data brought into our measurement systems, our back office systems, fairly often.

Even though the odorizer may be sitting there, doing its own thing, with only a flow rate output maybe from a flow computer, very often we’re taking that injection level or injection volume back to that flow computer, recording that, keeping that in our hourly data, summing it up into our daily and our monthly data so there’s recordkeeping at that level.

From what I understand from you, there’s probably even higher resolution data that’s available out there in the device itself. Is that correct?

Kris: That’s correct. It’s typically local, or you can download it on a Modbus address or something like that. You’re exactly right. There’s two people that are interested. One, obviously, is the company. Then a lot of states, they have a utility commission. They need to have that data and reports for their utility commission.

The guys in your compliance groups, they may be interested in that as well because there’s more value in having an electronic file versus Kris’ Big Chief tablet and a number two pencil jotting down notes.

Weldon: In many cases, the more data, the better. We say that till we get overwhelmed by the data, of course. Knowing where to find it is the key, right?

Kris: Correct. There’s some key considerations. If you’re starting out with an empty piece of ground, what do we need to do? A lot of the manufacturers will require…

Before equipment shows up, they typically put in an application sheet. They ask you for an application sheet so that they can verify that, “We’re sizing the system correctly. We can perform like you want to with the pressures and the flows.”

You talked about your example of odorant on your shoes. Once odorant shows up and you’re letting it out of a tank, it’s game on. You got to have everything buttoned up. You’d hate to put a piece of equipment out there. You find out in December. You know what? We’re running this thing 110 miles an hour. We’re going to kill it, or it can’t keep up.

Your spec sheet…You need a real close, upfront relationship with your manufacturer or your vendor of choice to be sure you ask all those questions beforehand, be sure you got all the…

The other thing is you got a lot of interested stakeholders, engineering, compliance group, purchasing group, field guys. You want to get all those guys and ask all those questions way up front. It’ll pay dividends. Again, once odorant shows up and you open up the valve, then you’re going to live with whatever you got.

Weldon: I never thought about it a whole lot. Sizing must be a really important piece. Especially when we talk about industrial customers coming off a transportation pipeline, that’s pretty consistent flow, typically.

In the E&P world, we’re producing from wells. They’re typically on and off. When we start talking about delivering to small commercial and especially residential areas, that’s a tremendous difference between summer and winter. Isn’t it?

Kris: Absolutely. Summertime, not many people using gas, not many heating days. In February, you’re running 20 milliamps across the pins on your terminal strip. You’re telling the odorizer, “You need to go to 100 miles an hour right now.” You got to be able to cover those flows.

The other thing is, remember, the controller is super smart. In the summertime, if you’re not moving any liquid out of your meter, the controller’s going, “You’re asking me what I’m doing. I can’t tell you I’m moving any liquid.”

That’s just real simple. It’s not that complicated. Just be sure you’ve answered all those questions with your manufacturer. You’re not driving the Formula One car through the school zone.

Weldon: Or trying to get your tractor on the Indy 500. I guess that’s a pretty big challenge. We see the same challenge with many types of measurement equipment. Of course, the orifice plate would be the biggest example. An orifice meter as a whole doesn’t have much of a turndown ratio, but any particular plate, of course, is good only in a very narrow range.

I guess that’s a very key thing in your deciding what you’re installing for odorization equipment, is to make sure you size your equipment. How do you size equipment that has to go from very, very low flow rate to very, very high? Do you have two types of equipment maybe?

Kris: The current systems are pretty flexible, have high turndown. What you can do, obviously, with your flow…You’ll look at your injection rate. Your pump’s able to put in different displacements.

What you may do is you may go, “In the wintertime, our pump’s going to be set at max displacement.” In the summertime, you might turn down your pump. You go, “We’re going to put in a tenth of a cc instead of one cc.” You want to be sure with your manufacturer it’s capable of doing that.

It’s really pretty straightforward. The guys in the field, they’ve got a pretty good idea what the current flow rates are. Some of the other things you need to think about is, is this a small station, pretty reliable, close to the office? You might want to put in a single station or a single unit.

If it’s high profile, we can’t afford to have the odorizer down because we’re going to shut in a subdivision or a school or whatever. Then you want to talk to your manufacturer about having maybe a duty system and a standby system. Those are one of the decisions.

A lot of our customers, that critical application, since odorant’s obviously super mission critical public safety, a lot of them, they just choose as a standard to have a duty and standby. They’ve got the spare tire in the car all the time, ready to go.

The other application, if you think about it, is handling odorant. If you’re handling odorant and you’re moving live odorant, there’s a potential to be a bad day. Typically, what folks’ll do, you have a choice of saying, “How much odorant are we going to put behind this odorizer, in terms of the tank? It’s going to be a 50 gallon tank or 5,000 gallon tank or 1,000 gallon tank?”

Most of the time, if you think about it, you might spend more money on the upfront part of the purchase because you’re spending more money getting a tank. If you think about it, you’re going to be buying odorant every year, every six months, for the next 30 years.

Your odorant supplier, you may get a bulk discount with your odorant if you have a larger tank, number one. Number two, most people put in a 6 month or a 12 month supply of odorant so you’re just handling it once a year. Couple things to think about is there’s only two companies on planet Earth that make odorant.

Weldon: I didn’t realize that.

Kris: Chevron Phillips and Arkema. Every once in a while, things will get upside down. One of them will go offline for a period of time. Then everybody gets super nervous, like, “We got winter coming. My tank’s getting low.”

Just like manufacturers have safety stocks or the grocery store has safety stock on bread–they don’t want to run out–you need to really think about mistake proofing your odorant supply to be sure that you’ve got it, got plenty, all those issues. Super critical.

Weldon: That’s eye opening, to find out there’s only two suppliers out there. Of course, I never considered a lot of things about odorant. Only two suppliers, that’s got to make a lot of people nervous.

Kris: The people that live in that world, they’re certainly aware of that. You have a choice of buying your own tank, putting your system together. The other thing you’ll want to do is consider containment. You’ve seen traditional containment, like if you’re in an oil field, a firewall and that kind of thing.

It’s pretty good practice to put in some type of containment. A lot of manufacturers offer that. If it leaks, you want to keep it around the tank and not let it run off and get into the water supply. Then you’re going to get to meet all the EPA people.

Weldon: I’ve seen a case where a single metal drum of odorant got pierced by a forklift. That was a pretty large scale event. It happened in the wintertime when there was a good norther blowing. They had people chasing that problem eight miles away.

Kris: Odorant looks like water, weighs about like water. If you took a coffee cup of odorant and you started driving through Houston, what people think, it’s a leak. I’m smelling gas. That’s the next thing to think about. When you’re putting together a system, super critical.

If you do everything, you should walk by it and not smell anything. That’s super hard to do. Here’s the thing, especially for folks that have odorizers in residential areas. You just can’t have any fugitive emissions. People think they’re in the presence of a leak in natural gas.

Weldon: Gas leak.

Kris: Then you go over, go knock on their door, explain to them, “We’re putting in a chemical. Here’s what it is. We just spilled some the other day. The guy got some on his boots. He’s walked around.”

Then the question they have is to go, “Don’t worry about it because your odorizer’s right behind it? OK, great. Don’t worry about it.” Then here’s the question that’s unanswerable. They go, “Then how do I know?” My grandmother, she said, “They told me the other day.” She’s going to cook supper. There’s a gas leak.

It’s a super high bar. With certain fittings, there’s a bunch of ways to do it. With odorant, if you’re dealing with odorant, just my experience–it’s free advice–you can either buy a $200 valve, or you can buy a $50 valve.

In an odorant application, the $50 valve is the most expensive valve you can buy because it’s going to do three things. It’s going to open. It’s going to close. It’s going to leak.

When you’re putting those odorizers out there, that’s the other thing people don’t think about. When you put that there, if you do it right, it’s supposed to be there 15, 20 years from now. You might have to bump heads with your procurement group because the guy’s going, “We can get a chemical injection skid for $10,000. You’re saying this is $20,000,” whatever the number is.

A chemical injection skid and an odorant injection skid aren’t the same thing. A lot of people think they’re the same, but they are not the same thing.

Weldon: There’s a little bit of difference in dripping a little bit of glycol or ethanol on the ground and dripping some odorant on the ground.

Kris: As long as you’re doing everything and there’s no issues, everybody just sails right along. If you spill 100 gallons of odorant in a rancher’s stock tank or some subdivision, it’s terrible.

Weldon: I can only imagine. Man, that’s a lot of stuff that us guys on the upstream/midstream side and the transportation side don’t normally think about. I teach a few measurement courses. Probably about a quarter of those end up being folks in the distribution side of the world.

We don’t cover odorant in our measurement classes. We stick with what comes out of flow computers and the data, but there’s a whole other world out there.

Kris: Also, when you talk about transmission, that’s a significant population of applications out in the transmission lines. If you go through DOT–they’re the ones who regulate odorization–   if you’re in a Class 3 or Class 4 area–what that means is how many humans are off the centerline of a pipe right–if you’re Class 3, Class 4, you get to go to odorization class.

Typically, those systems are larger because you’re odorizing a 36 inch pipe that’s going through the north side of Salt Lake City or whatever. All those applications apply to those same guys as well. Do I have a big enough storage? Are we monitoring it correctly? Do we have redundancy? All those things. They can’t have any leaks as well.

Not sure who your audience is, but those guys that are…We’re not close to the wellhead, but once it gets on the transmission line and you’re passing through populated area, there’s somebody at Kinder Morgan, Target, or whoever that’s odorizing.

Weldon: Probably the number of texts with those companies that are actually responsible for odorization is fairly small when we start talking about getting across the entire country and what percentage of those transmission lines end up in those areas.

On the other side of that spectrum, from the production and the gathering, the treating, processing world, there’s a lot of concern on that, but it’s not putting odorant in, it’s worried about what was already in the gas, right?

Kris: Correct.

Weldon: There’s absolutely folks out there that do that on the transportation world. I didn’t mean to minimize them.

Kris: No, but to your point, the point that they don’t do it very often, all the more that they just say, “Hey, let’s stop, let’s take a deep breath, get some people at the table, whether it’s engineers,” and say, “Hey, you know what? We don’t do this very often.”

No disrespect to anybody, but if somebody engages EPC, they don’t do that very often either, and they go, “Odorizations.” They pulled a file from 2003 and go, “I think we did this once.” You really ought to take time and do the planning, get all the stakeholders at the table and talk about it.

Here’s the thing. I’m a little prejudiced because we’re a manufacturer. It’s a good idea to go with the manufacturer as opposed to EPC or maybe a local packager, where you’re done, they called it odorizer, but you got the only one that’s like it on planet Earth. Then five years from now, they may still be doing it, they may not. You lost the manual. Who’s the guy? Whatever.

There’s a handful of really good companies in the industry that do this and take it really, really seriously.

I would encourage you, your audience, to engage one of those guys and just ask questions or engage a couple of them and just compare notes. I’m sure they’re good operators and super technical. Then they can go take all that information and then move forward on a path that makes sense to them.

Weldon: We’re all in measurement. We’re all familiar with the battle. Sometimes it is very much a battle. It’s not necessarily with procurement as much as engineering. Because engineering is the one that has the budget for these projects. Engineering is the one driving cost containment.

This is going to be one of those realms where it’s going to be maybe a little harder battle than other places, in justifying why we need to spend those extra dollars, why we need to go with the standardized solution from a company that makes it their core business as opposed to the guy that’s also building metering skids. He’s built a couple of pumps and that sort of thing.

Kris: The thing I’ve learned in my brief experience is…

Weldon: Brief!

Kris: …cheapest isn’t always least expensive, especially with odorant, because it’s just a different game. You got to get the right fitting. You got to get the right valve. You got to be sure you don’t have relieving regulators, be sure your tubing is short as possible. In a year and a half, we’re going to have to overhaul the pump.

Can you push all the odorant back into the storage tank for your operator be able to operate on it or perform maintenance without getting odorant on his leather boots so he goes back to the hotel and gets run out into the parking lot?

All those issues are super critical. Anyway, I think you can make the case for spending a few more dollars and doing it correctly because it’ll come back around. It’ll pay for itself four or five times if you do it right.

Weldon: I can definitely see that. Kris, in the realm of the many different things I’m doing and customers ask me to look into as a consultant, we’ve looked into cost effective measures.

A lot of things that we see is in the merger and acquisition environment, where Company A has bought Company B, C, D, and F. They spun off A because it wasn’t in their core business now they bought all the other stuff.

We get companies that have, sometimes, a conglomeration of equipment that they’ve got through acquisition and just years and years and years of different suppliers. Do you have any recommendations for those kind of folks?

Kris: It’s pretty tough when you inherit Ford pickup trucks, Honda Accords, suburbans. It’s a big challenge. The good news there is it’s a small group of manufacturers. A lot of people have standardized on one or two brands.

Where I think the challenge like that would be is if you inherit…In my 30 years, run across some companies that have made their own odorizer. They had a core group like me and you, “Hey, that’s something we own,” so we do it and we’re manufacturing it.

Then all of a sudden, me and you retire, and they’re…We’re all making our own laptop. There’s some guys that said, “Hey, I can make a laptop,” and that’s pretty cool, but after a while, you go, “Now, why are we doing that?”

I think the biggest challenge in your situation is taking those wick odorizers, small regional packagers that’s the guy down the road that’s their whatever vendor, and bringing that level of product up to speed.

Because if the other population is some legitimate manufacturers in our world, it’s OK. You got different parts or pieces or repair kits, but that’s OK. I think the red light would start flashing on those little homemade leaking nobody can support.

Weldon: Little ones.

Kris: If you got a legitimate company that’s supporting the unit, I don’t think there’s any issue with supporting two or three different manufacturers, instead of a big population of them.

Weldon: Interesting. Really interesting. Like I said, so much of this world that I’ve just never been exposed to. I know a lot of our listeners are going to be interested in it because they, like me, have been on the outside.

Then we have that group in the LDC world and some of the specific transportation pipelines that really get involved in it. They’re probably sitting around going, “Well, we’ve heard this stuff.”

Go back for us a little bit, Kris, and tell us a little bit about some of the concerns. Once we have that equipment installed and we own it, now we have to operate it. Are there any particular concerns or any particular advice you could give those operators, going forward?

Kris: Sure. When I first started, a lot of people had preventive maintenance programs. You got to decide, “I’m going to drive my car and I’m going to follow the maintenance schedule in the owner’s manual to a T.” There’s that group of companies. Then there’s other companies that go, “Hey, we’re going to go until the check engine light comes on.” Companies have to choose that.

My preference would be to be proactive. Usually, a lot of the manufacturers are real enthusiastic about doing on site training to help their customers, “Hey, here’s how it works in the field,” and do some hands on training. A lot of the manufacturers will come to your customer sites and do training to say, “Here’s how you rebuild a pump.” You could do that.

Then I think there’s some value, especially because it’s public safety, is be proactive. A lot of customers, right before heating season, late summer, early spring, they’ll go through and they’ll replace the soft goods and pumps or whatever, usually annual maintenance, and then they’re ready to go lockdown and get through wintertime.

Whether you’re a big transmission company in Salt Lake City or Minnesota, or a LDC or whatever, everybody’s getting the car tuned up, ready to go, and we’re ready to go on vacation and drive to Florida. Get through the winter.

Weldon: Very much the same story we see with so many other areas. Preventative maintenance, proactive maintenance is going to be key to minimizing your problems, it sounds like.

Kris: Right. The more education you have and the more technical you are, the easier it is for you to correctly identify the problem versus–which I know could be frustrating to your customers–this repair kit, that repair kit, change the spark plugs, fix that. You’re throwing three repair kits at three different components, and you weren’t shooting at the right one.

The more you can talk to your manufacturer and you go, “Hey, you know what? I think this is a solenoid valve issue or an actuation pressure issue,” they can help you do that. A lot of these guys have technical support lines that you can call 24 hours a day and have the conversation. They’ll go, “Hey, you know what? I bet it’s the pump solenoid valve.”

Weldon: Training is always important, especially if you’re in any public safety part of the concern. Our entire industry is focused on public safety. Getting training, it’s becoming a bigger issue because, as you alluded to earlier, companies are losing all that historic expertise.

The guys that design these systems, the guys that put in these systems, the guys that may have been doing in house training for 20 or 30 years, they’re gone from these companies. We have a new wave of younger folks in the field. That in house expertise for that training and that support is gone. I can see how utilizing manufacturers for training has got to be a key these days.

Kris: The industry shifted in the last 10 or 15 years, to your point, where those resources have exited a lot of your companies and experience. What a lot of companies have done is they’ve transitioned that over to the manufacturer, where, to your point, if they’ve got 20 or 30 odorizers, they’ll call their manufacturer and say, “Hey, come do annual maintenance on our system.”

It’s something that they let the experts come in, do it. Although there may be a larger ticket item up front, but at the end of the day, your all in cost, they’ve found to be a value received. It’s less expensive than your guys paying overtime or the units breaking down three or four times a year, as opposed to go out one time, replace the soft goods. Then it makes it till the next September.

Weldon: Makes a lot of sense to me. What else would you like to share with us, Kris?

Kris: You know what? We’ve covered all the major things. Again, there’s some critical things to think about. One, be sure you got enough odorant. You, zero mistaking, can’t run out. Then the other thing is, again, consider the $50 valve analogy and the $200 valve analogy from the front of the unit all the way to the back. You can’t have a leak. You can’t have a smell in the odorant.

When you’re purchasing a unit, be sure you’re thinking, “This unit is going to have to go out in the field and live for 20 years.” I’d encourage you to just spend the money wisely. Sometimes it’s better to spend $100 than to spend $10 and get the right system, right features you want, whatever that is. Other than that, I’ve enjoyed our conversation and look forward to the next opportunity.

Weldon: We certainly thank you for being on, Kris. Our folks that listen to us are going to enjoy it also. How do people get in touch with you if they need to?

Kris: They can reach me at our website, yzsystems.com, or they can send me an email. Little old for…I’m not super plugged into LinkedIn. They can send me an email. It’s my name, kris.kimmel@yzsystems.com.

Weldon: I certainly appreciate that. We’ll have your information up on the website, about the time this posts or so. Thanks again for being on, Kris. I’ve certainly enjoyed the conversation.

Kris: All right. Great. Hopefully, you get the odorant off your work boots, and you can get back to living.

Weldon: The Alexandria, Louisiana Holiday Inn, in 1963…

Kris: I was there last week. They still have your picture up. You’re still not welcome…

Weldon: I got into the hotel, to my upstairs room, changed clothes, took a shower, and was sitting in the bar, having a drink, when the fire department showed up.

Kris: Nice.

Weldon: Thanks again, Kris.

Kris: Thank you for your time. Bye bye.

Weldon: I want to thank each and every one of you for listening. I hope you found this podcast as interesting and informative as I did. If you did, please share our podcast with your coworkers, your boss, and others in the industry. We’ll have a full transcript of this episode and Kris’ contact information in the show notes on our website, PipelinePodcastNetwork.com.

As always, if you have comments or questions about this episode, suggestions for a future topic, or if you’d like to offer yourself up to the podcast mic as a guest, send me a message on LinkedIn, or shoot me an email at weldon.wright@fpvprime.com.

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